Qaida Lesson 5: Cases of Nun Sakin and Tanveen Signs

Welcome to Qaida Lesson 5, where we delve into an essential aspect of Tajweed—the rules governing Nun Sakin and Tanveen (ً، ٍ، ٌ). Understanding these elements is crucial for proper pronunciation in reciting the Quran, which is fundamental for any aspiring reader or student of the holy Quran. In this lesson, we will explore the definitions, types, and pronunciation rules associated with Nun Sakin and Tanveen, along with examples and practical insights.

Understanding Nun Sakin and Tanveen

What is Nun Sakin?

Nun Sakin refers to the letter ‘Nun’ (ن) when it has no vowel (i.e., it is not accompanied by a Fathah, Dhammah, or Kasrah). In written Arabic, Nun Sakin can typically be found at the end of a word or used as part of grammatical constructs. The absence of a vowel means that the letter does not have a pronounced sound but may affect the adjacent letters in terms of how they are pronounced.

What is Tanveen?

Tanveen refers to the two-dot diacritics placed above or below a letter, which in this case is associated with the Nasal Sounds. Tanveen represents the indefinite article in Arabic, denoting nouns without a definite article (Al). It can appear in three forms:

1. Tanveen Fathah (ً) – corresponds to an ‘an’ sound (كَتَبً).
2. Tanveen Dhammah (ٌ) – corresponds to an ‘un’ sound (كُتُبٌ).
3. Tanveen Kasrah (ٍ) – corresponds to an ‘in’ sound (كِتَابٍ).

In Quranic text, you may frequently come across these signs, and understanding their application will significantly enhance your recitation skills.

The Rules of Nun Sakin and Tanveen

When pronouncing Nun Sakin and Tanveen, several important rules apply. These rules help decide how the Nun Sakin is treated relative to the following letter and provides a systematic approach to reading.

1. Izhar (Clear Pronunciation)

• Example: “مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ” (min anfusikum): The Noon Sakinah in “مِنْ” is followed by the letter “أ” (Alif), which is a throat letter. Therefore, the Noon Sakinah is pronounced clearly without merging.
• Explanation: Izhar means to pronounce the Noon Sakinah or Tanween clearly without merging it with the following letter. This rule applies when Noon Sakinah or Tanween is followed by one of the throat letters (أ, ه, ع, ح, غ, خ).

2. Idgham (Merging)

• Example: “مَنْ يَعْمَلْ” (maain ya’mal): The Noon Sakinah in “مَنْ” is followed by the letter “ي” (Ya), which is one of the Idgham letters. The Noon Sakinah is merged with the Ya, resulting in a nasal sound.
• Explanation: Idgham means merging the Noon Sakinah or Tanween with the following letter. This rule applies when Noon Sakinah or Tanween is followed by one of the letters in the group “يرملون” (Ya, Ra, Meem, Lam, Waw, Noon).

3. Iqlab (Substitution)

• Example: “أَنْبَاء” (anba’): The Noon Sakinah in “أَنْ” is followed by the letter “ب” (Ba). The Noon Sakinah is changed to a Meem sound, indicated by a small Meem above the Noon.
• Explanation: Iqlab means changing the Noon Sakinah or Tanween into a Meem sound when followed by the letter Ba (ب). This is done by placing a small Meem above the Noon Sakinah or Tanween.

4. Ikhfa (Concealment)

• Example: “مِنْكُمْ” (minkum): The Noon Sakinah in “مِنْ” is followed by the letter “ك” (Kaf). The Noon Sakinah is partially hidden and pronounced with a nasal sound.
• Explanation: Ikhfa means partially concealing the Noon Sakinah or Tanween, resulting in a nasal sound. This rule applies when Noon Sakinah or Tanween is followed by any of the remaining letters not covered by Izhar, Idgham, or Iqlab.

Practice Exercises

To solidify your understanding, engage with the following practice sentences. Read each sentence aloud, paying attention to the rules governing Nun Sakin and Tanveen.

1. Izhar (Clear Pronunciation)

• مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ (min anfusikum)

2. Idgham (Merging)

• مَنْ يَعْمَلْ (mainya’mal)

3. Iqlab (Substitution)

• أَنْبَاء (anba’)

4. Ikhfa (Concealment)

• مِنْكُمْ (minkum)

Conclusion

Mastering the rules associated with Nun Sakin and Tanveen is essential for reciting the Quran with clarity, precision, and elegance. By understanding the principles of Idgham, Iqlaab, Ikhfaa, and Junood, you take substantial strides toward enhancing your recitation practice. As you continue your journey in mastering the Qaida, remember that practice makes perfect. Many recitations are accompanied by listening to proficient reciters, which can further enhance your grasp on these regulations. May your learning journey be filled with blessings and insights, as you explore the beautiful world of the Quranic text. Stay tuned for our next lesson, where we will explore another fascinating component of Tajweed. Happy reciting!