Qaida Lesson 7: Cases of Nun Sakin and Tanveen Signs
(Idgham & Iqlab)

Welcome to Qaida Lesson,

In Lesson 7 of the Madani Qaida, we explore the rules governing Nun Sakin (نْ) and Tanween (ً ٍ ٌ), focusing on two key Tajweed concepts: Idgham and Iqlab. These rules are critical for proper Quranic recitation and ensure that the words are pronounced beautifully and accurately.

Understanding Nun Sakin and Tanween

• Nun Sakin (نْ): The letter Nun (ن) with a Sukoon (ْ) on it.

• Tanween (ً ٍ ٌ): Double vowels (Fatha, Kasra, or Damma) that appear at the end of a word and function similarly to Nun Sakin in recitation.

Both Nun Sakin and Tanween are subject to specific rules depending on the letter that follows them. These rules include Idgham (merging) and Iqlab (conversion), among others. Let’s focus on these two in this lesson.

What is Idgham?

Idgham (إدغام) means merging. When a Nun Sakin or Tanween is followed by certain letters, the Nun sound is merged with the following letter, creating a smooth and connected pronunciation.

Types of Idgham:

1. Idgham with Ghunnah (nasal sound):

   • Occurs when the following letters are: ي, ن, م, و (Ya, Noon, Meem, and Waw).

   • The sound of Nun or Tanween is merged with the following letter and accompanied by a nasal sound (Ghunnah).

   Examples:

   • مَن يَعْمَلُ (Man Ya’mal) — Pronounced as May-ya’mal.

   • جَنَّةٌ وَرَيْحَانٌ (Jannatun wa Rayhanun) — Pronounced as Jannatun-wa Rayhanun.

2. Idgham without Ghunnah (no nasal sound):

   • Occurs when the following letters are ل, ر (Lam and Ra).

   • The Nun or Tanween sound merges completely into the following letter without a nasal sound.

   Examples:

   • مِن لَدُنْ (Min Ladun) — Pronounced as Mil-ladun.

   • غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (Ghafurun Rahimun) — Pronounced as Ghafur-rahimun.

What is Iqlab?

Iqlab (إقلاب) means conversion or changing. When a Nun Sakin or Tanween is followed by the letter ب (Ba), the Nun sound is converted into a Meem (م) sound while maintaining a nasal quality.

How Iqlab Works:

1. Replace the Nun or Tanween sound with a Meem sound.

2. Add a nasal sound (Ghunnah) during the pronunciation.

Examples:

• مِن بَعْدِ (Min Ba’di) — Pronounced as Mim-ba’di.

• أَنْبَأَهُمْ (Anba’ahum) — Pronounced as Am-ba’ahum.

Tips for Mastering Idgham and Iqlab

1. Understand the Letters

Memorize the letters that trigger Idgham and Iqlab to recognize them easily during recitation:

• Idgham with Ghunnah: Ya (ي), Noon (ن), Meem (م), Waw (و).

• Idgham without Ghunnah: Lam (ل), Ra (ر).

• Iqlab: Ba (ب).

2. Listen and Imitate

Listen to qualified reciters and repeat after them to grasp the flow and nasalization involved in these rules.

3. Practice with the Madani Qaida

Use exercises in the Qaida to practice words and verses featuring Idgham and Iqlab.

4. Seek Guidance

Work with a teacher to ensure you’re applying the rules correctly.

Why Are These Rules Important?

1. Preserve the Meaning: Incorrect application of Idgham or Iqlab can change the meaning of words in the Quran.

2. Beautify Recitation: These rules add fluidity and beauty to Quranic recitation.

3. Fulfill Tajweed Requirements: Understanding and applying these rules is a fundamental part of Tajweed.

Join Our Classes to Perfect Your Tajweed

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QAIDA LESSON 1: Understanding Arabic Alphabets

QAIDA LESSON 2: The Movements (Harakats) 

QAIDA LESSON 3: Understanding Tanveen Signs

QAIDA LESSON 4: Mastering Rawan and Hijjay

QAIDA LESSON 5: Cases of Nun Sakin and Tanveen Signs 

QAIDA LESSON 6: Tashdeed Signs

QAIDA LESSON 7: Iqlab & Idgham